Explore the fundamental properties of water and seawater in this comprehensive lecture. Dive into the atomic structure of water molecules, hydrogen bonding, and water's unique characteristics as a solvent. Examine water's thermal properties, including heat capacity, specific heat, and latent heat. Investigate the global thermostatic effects of water and its impact on temperature variations. Compare pure water to seawater, analyzing salinity variations and the processes affecting them. Discover the Earth's hydrologic cycle, residence time, and the cycling of dissolved seawater components. Learn about acidity, alkalinity, and the carbonate buffering system in oceans. Visualize satellite-derived ocean salinity data and understand how salinity varies with depth. Gain insights into seawater density and its significance in oceanography.