Explore the intricate mechanisms of visual motion detection in fly neurons through this comprehensive lecture. Delve into the neural circuits responsible for computing motion direction, a crucial ability for survival in many animals. Examine recent advancements in understanding this process, focusing on research conducted with fruit flies (Drosophila). Learn about the parallel ON and OFF pathways, the role of T4 and T5 cells in representing local motion vectors, and the emergence of direction selectivity. Investigate the cellular and biophysical mechanisms underlying motion computation, including the dual mechanism, inputs, and biophysical models. Gain insights into the fly's nervous system, tangential cells, lobular plate interneurons, and the challenges faced in unraveling these complex neural processes.