Explore the fascinating world of population genetics in this 55-minute lecture from the 2017 JSB Haldane Lecture series at The Royal Institution. Delve into Enrico Coen's groundbreaking research on snapdragon flowers and their wild relatives, uncovering fresh insights into adaptive change and population transformation. Learn how genes and environment interact to drive evolutionary exploration, and discover the mechanisms plants use to create complex and varied flower structures. Gain a deeper understanding of flower development through a combination of molecular, genetic, and imaging studies, as well as population and ecological models and computational analysis. Examine concepts such as genomic islands of divergence, adaptive landscapes, and genetic pioneers across various Antirrhinum species. Uncover the intricate relationships between genetic control, relative divergence, and adaptive traits in plant populations.