Explore the fascinating world of small, flying robots in this 59-minute lecture by Vijay Kumar, Nemirovsky Family Dean of Penn Engineering. Delve into the history, development, and future applications of rotorcrafts, UAVs, and multirotors. Learn about hovering techniques, swarm behavior, and the market hype cycle surrounding these technologies. Discover the intricacies of perception-action loops, hybrid and discrete systems, and state estimation. Gain insights into lightweight autonomy, future experiments, and the simple yet powerful ideas driving innovation in this field. Understand the challenges and opportunities in autonomous navigation and the importance of computing change and data in advancing robotic capabilities.