Explore the controversial topic of genetically modified (GM) foods in this lecture by Nina Fedoroff, External Professor at Santa Fe Institute. Delve into the history of food plants and compare traditional and modern modification methods. Examine the science behind recombinant DNA techniques and Agrobacterium-mediated genetic engineering. Learn about successful GM crop examples such as papaya, insect-resistant corn, and Golden Rice. Address common concerns regarding food safety, gene flow, and potential impacts on biodiversity. Gain insights from experts like Florence Wambugu on the potential of GM crops to address global food security challenges. Evaluate conflicting claims about GM foods and their role in sustaining humanity on an increasingly crowded planet.