Explore cutting-edge applications of stochastic modeling and statistical inference in single-cell biology and biomedical research through this 53-minute conference talk. Delve into two groundbreaking research projects presented by Hao Ge at BIMSA. Discover how stochastic modeling of single-cell HIV dynamics unveils the mechanism behind noise-enhanced drug synergy. Learn about a novel and precise statistical inference method developed for noninvasive preimplantation genetic testing of monogenetic diseases. Gain valuable insights into the increasing importance of these advanced analytical techniques in the era of single-molecule and single-cell measurements, and their potential to drive significant advancements in biomedical understanding and applications.