Explore fundamental concepts in probability theory through this comprehensive 49-minute video lecture. Learn about sample spaces, probability measures, and how they combine to form probability spaces. Discover the concept of events as subsets of sample spaces and how to calculate their probabilities. Examine the notion of independent events and delve into conditional probability. Gain insights through various visualizations, including a chess board example. Master key probabilistic concepts essential for understanding statistical analysis and decision-making under uncertainty.