Explore the fundamental concepts of probability theory in this comprehensive 52-minute lecture. Learn about the Total Probability Rule and Bayes' Rule for conditional probabilities, illustrated through tree diagrams. Discover how to extend the concept of mutually independent events to more than two events. Delve into practical applications of Bayes' Rule in medical statistics with a relevant example. Gain a deeper understanding of probability concepts, including conditional probability, tree diagrams, and their real-world applications in fields such as medicine.