Explore the evolution of mathematics in Asia through this 50-minute lecture on number theory and algebra. Delve into the contributions of Chinese, Indian, and Arab mathematicians following the decline of Greek mathematics. Discover key concepts like Pell's equation, the Chinese remainder theorem, and the introduction of the Hindu-Arabic number system. Examine the impact of astronomical observations on the development of trigonometry, particularly spherical trigonometry. Learn about influential mathematicians such as Sun Zi, Aryabhata, Brahmagupta, Bhaskara I and II, al-Khwarizmi, al-Biruni, and Omar Khayyam. Gain insights into how the quest to understand planetary motion shaped mathematical advancements in the East.