Explore the Golden Age of European mathematics from 1500-1900 in this Math History lecture. Discover how European mathematicians overcame early challenges, leveraging Arab algebra and Greek translations to harness the Hindu-Arabic number system and innovative symbols. Learn about Vieta's groundbreaking use of letters to represent unknowns, the progression from quadratic to cubic equations, and Tartaglia's contributions to both cubic equations and tetrahedron volume calculations. Gain insights into the mathematical advancements that shaped this pivotal era in the history of mathematics.