Explore the origins of astronomy and its deep-rooted connection to mathematics in this 43-minute lecture. Delve into ancient Babylonian and Chinese astronomical practices, comparing them to modern heliocentric models. Examine key concepts such as the celestial sphere, equatorial coordinates, and the ecliptic. Discover the Babylonians' contributions to angular measurements still used today. Gain insights into how ancient civilizations interpreted celestial phenomena and laid the groundwork for our current understanding of the cosmos.