Explore the intricate world of stem cells, tissue architecture, and cancer evolution in this Coxeter Lecture Series presentation, with a focus on applications to the hematopoietic system. Delivered by Natalia Komarova from the University of California, San Diego, this 46-minute lecture delves into the mathematical modeling of cancer treatments, resistance, and optimization. Gain insights into the complex interplay between stem cells and cancer development, and discover how mathematical approaches can be applied to understand and potentially improve oncology treatments. Part of the Thematic Program on Mathematical Oncology at the Fields Institute, this talk offers a unique perspective on the intersection of mathematics and cancer research.