Explore ophthalmology fundamentals and advancements in this 43-minute physician grand rounds presentation. Learn about the basic eye exam, pupil assessment, and direct ophthalmoscopy techniques. Discover how to identify and manage eye emergencies, including oculomotor, trochlear, and abducens nerve palsies. Understand the importance of recognizing neurologic emergencies and relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD). Gain insights into patient referral criteria and what referred patients can expect. Delve into recent ophthalmology advancements, including modern cataract surgery techniques, intraocular lens calculations, and lens options. Conclude with key takeaways and a Q&A session to enhance your understanding of current ophthalmology practices.