Explore the fundamentals of observability and OpenTelemetry in this 43-minute conference talk. Delve into the three pillars of observability, focusing on distributed tracing and its components. Learn about OpenTelemetry's architecture, project status, and the concept of separation of concerns. Discover how to instrument applications and libraries using OpenTelemetry API, including context propagation techniques. Examine instrumentation libraries, exporters, and autoinstrumentation capabilities. Gain practical insights through API examples, exporter demonstrations in Python, and an overview of OpenTelemetry's demo architecture and agents.