Explore a comprehensive lecture on Earth's climate system and the causes of climate change. Delve into proxy data from ice cores, variations in Earth's orbit, and natural versus human-caused climate change. Examine the scientific consensus on human contributions, the greenhouse effect, Earth's heat budget, and atmospheric greenhouse gases. Analyze ice core data, future global warming scenarios, and observed changes in surface air temperatures. Investigate the impacts on oceans, including Arctic sea ice decline, ocean acidification, and its effects on marine organisms. Learn about global sea level rise as determined by satellite measurements, and gain access to additional resources on Milankovitch cycles, climate cycles, and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.