Explore the differences between B-trees and B+ trees in database systems, understanding their invention, problem-solving capabilities, and respective advantages and disadvantages. Delve into the limitations of implementing B-trees over B+ trees, examining Discord's experience with memory limitations using MongoDB's B-tree structure. Learn about data structures and algorithms, working with large datasets, binary trees, and the specific benefits of B-trees and B+ trees. Discover how these tree structures impact database performance and storage, and gain insights into MongoDB's B-tree index challenges. Conclude with a comprehensive summary of the key concepts and their practical applications in backend engineering and database management.