Dive into the fundamentals of number theory through a comprehensive video lecture series originally created for a Fall 2017 course. Explore topics ranging from mathematical induction and the division algorithm to quadratic reciprocity and Dirichlet's divisor problem. Learn about key concepts such as the Euclidean algorithm, Fermat's Little Theorem, linear congruences, and the Chinese Remainder Theorem. Develop a deep understanding of prime numbers, multiplicative functions, and the Euler phi function. Engage with advanced subjects like Gauss' Circle Problem and sums of squares. Perfect your skills in computer programming applications within number theory and gain insights into the fascinating world of mathematical patterns and relationships.