Explore the intersection of law, technology, and national security in this 42-minute conference talk on the musical scales of cyberwar. Gain a beginner's understanding of the law of war in cyberspace through an innovative comparison to a keyboard. Learn how states evaluate cyber operations and determine the basis for using force under the Law of Armed Conflict. Discover core terminology, including "cyber attack" and cyber operations, and examine concepts like anticipatory self-defense in cyberspace and responses to kinetic attacks by non-state actors. Delve into impermissible state actions, gray tactics in cyber operations, and non-violent political cyber attacks. Presented by Jessica 'Zhanna' Malekos Smith, the inaugural Reuben Everett Cyber Scholar at Duke University Law School, this talk offers valuable insights for those with backgrounds in technology, law, academia, or national security.