Explore the fundamentals of cryptography in this 25-minute conference talk from Derbycon 2015. Delve into topics such as block and stream ciphers, elliptic curve cryptography, hashing functions, and password storage. Learn about the differences between various cryptographic methods, understand common misconceptions, and gain insights into secure coding practices. Discover the importance of proper password hashing techniques and the significance of signatures and message authentication codes (MACs). Examine digital signature algorithms like DSA and ECDSA, and understand their applications in real-world cryptography.