Explore the cutting-edge advancements in Prometheus' new storage engine designed to handle the challenges of modern, dynamic environments. Dive into the architecture, data structures, and performance improvements that enable this time series database to efficiently manage high turnover rates of monitoring targets and deliver consistent query performance. Learn about the evolution from version 1.0 to 2.0, including solutions to previous problems, optimized data layout, and enhanced indexing. Examine benchmarks showcasing improvements in CPU usage, disk writes, on-disk size, and compactions. Discover new features such as granular deletions, tombstone removal, and improved retention and backup capabilities. Gain insights into how this innovative storage engine pushes the limits of time series databases, making it well-suited for monitoring containerized and orchestrated environments like Docker Swarm and Kubernetes.