Explore the challenging perspectives of award-winning economist Mariana Mazzucato in this 55-minute talk from The Aspen Institute. Delve into the redefinition of capitalism, examining innovation-led, inclusive, and sustainable growth while uncovering the often misunderstood role of governments in fostering innovation. Investigate the concepts of value creation, extraction, and destruction, and learn why Mazzucato argues for an urgent rethinking of wealth origins and economic activities. Discover insights on topics such as the purpose of business and politics, climate challenges, productive vs. unproductive labor, and the implications of neoclassical economics. Analyze case studies like the National Institutes of Health and CLEAN OCEANS initiative to understand the government's role in innovation. Conclude by exploring the concept of sharing risks and rewards, and embracing an economics of hope for a reformed capitalist system.