Explore the dual nature of hardware in cybersecurity through this 20-minute conference talk from USENIX Enigma 2021. Delve into how hardware serves as both a trust anchor and a potential vulnerability in systems ranging from IoT devices to datacenter infrastructure. Gain insights into system-level threats addressed by hardware architectures, and examine real-world examples where performance-enhancing features inadvertently create security risks. Understand the challenges faced by chip vendors and system designers in detecting and preventing hardware vulnerabilities, and learn about promising methodologies and solutions in this field. Discover the complexities of hardware security, including the need for alignment across multiple stakeholders, the importance of secure configurations, and the impact of features like dynamic voltage scaling and speculative execution on system security.