Explore a comprehensive analysis of credential-based privilege escalation in large-scale network breaches. Delve into the critical role of exposed credentials in transforming single-system access into widespread network compromise. Examine real-world examples, including the Target and Sands Casino breaches, to understand attack methodologies and their impact. Learn about a framework developed to identify and combat credential exposure at scale, focusing on constructing compromise chains to determine maximal access and privileges gained. Discover prevention strategies, including smartcards and authentication policies, and gain insights into tools for both offensive and defensive purposes. Led by Matt Weeks, a seasoned cybersecurity expert, this talk provides valuable knowledge for understanding and mitigating credential-based attacks in complex network environments.